In torts, what is required for a claim of assault to stand?

A claim of assault requires the plaintiff to demonstrate that the defendant had the intent to cause fear or apprehension of imminent harmful or offensive contact. This means that the defendant must have acted with the purpose of creating a situation where the plaintiff reasonably believes that they are about to be harmed. The focus here is on the mental state of the defendant and the perception of the plaintiff, rather than any actual physical contact or harm.

Physical harm is not a necessary element for assault. The essence of assault lies in the threat of imminent harm, not the occurrence of physical injuries. Zoning consent is unrelated to the concept of tort law; it pertains to land use regulations and does not factor into personal injury claims. Strict liability involves situations where a party can be held liable without proof of negligence or intent, which does not align with the foundational requirements of an assault claim that hinge on intent and apprehension. Therefore, the correct answer highlights the crucial element of intent in establishing a valid claim of assault.