What does the term "special damages" refer to in tort law?

The term "special damages" in tort law refers specifically to specific, quantifiable monetary losses that a plaintiff can prove as a direct result of the defendant's actions. This includes identifiable expenses such as medical bills, lost wages, repair costs, and other economic damages that can be calculated and assessed based on actual financial loss.

This concept contrasts with "general damages," which encompass non-economic harm such as emotional distress, pain and suffering, and loss of enjoyment of life. General damages are more subjective and are not typically quantifiable in the same specific manner that special damages are. Therefore, when discussing the specifics of tort claims, understanding the distinction between these types of damages is crucial for both the plaintiff in seeking restitution and the court in determining the appropriate compensation.